Knowledge is becoming more and more important in organizations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2135 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Motivation of systematic review In todays economy, knowledge is becoming more and more important in organizations and as a key differentiating factor on business. Knowledge Management (KM) is nothing new. The root of KM concept has been found in the management theories of the 1950s particularly in the work of Professor Drucker [Drucker] who believed that the most important asset of any organization is its people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Knowledge is becoming more and more important in organizations" essay for you Create order He was amongst the first to predict the growing importance of information and knowledge as a valuable asset of organizations. In early landmark of its history, KM was concentrated on theories and frameworks which emphasised the importance of learning processes and knowledge workers [Drucker, Forrester, Sveiby, Matsuda]. By the late 1980s, technology solutions started to discuss in KM due to the growing importance of information and explicit knowledge including the lack of the strategies and methods for managing knowledge [Strassman]. Likewise, the idea of artificial intelligence and expert system had been introduced and developed together with KM systems leading to several new concepts such as knowledge engineering, knowledge representation and knowledge-based systems []. By 1990s, KM was flourishing when a number of academics and consultants had widely discussed it as the new business practice. Several well-known consulting firms among U.S., Europe, and Japan began committing major resources to implement KM practices and technologies in order to develop innovative way to leverage the diffused knowledge in vast organizations [Nonaka, Stewart, Davenport†¦.]. KM has never been stopped developing. Currently, KM is steadily becoming as integral business activity for organizations and then it is a real challenge for managers, leading to a considerable change, and new visions of firms. Many innovative enterprises Competitive advantage Performance optimization Operational effectiveness and efficiency Innovation What are knowledge management? Over several decades, Knowledge Management has increasingly been a topic of interest among professionals in business and academic areas. (Grant, K. And Grant, C.) Theorists and experts have attempted to define the term in various ways, focusing on specific aspects of the topic including collaborative works, information and communication technology, economics, sociology and management, for instance. (Almashari, Venters) However, it could be problematic to have precise, clear definitions of this term. A great number of meanings of knowledge management have been widely debated. They, for example, deal with the difference in terms of information and knowledge in management context. A number of academics and theorists continue to reflect on the subject, information management that has influenced to develop into knowledge management. (Uriarte) In short, it has no particular definitions universally accepted, depending on individual purposes. This systematic review has summarized knowledge management definitions sorted by authors and years together with adding constructive comments for analysis which have been showed in Table 1. Table 1 Definitions of Knowledge Management Authors Definitions Comments Nonaka (1991) KM is the way to transfer individuals personal knowledge into organization knowledge and drive innovation through organizational learning. The author recommends that leveraging implicit knowledge from expertises experience and putting it together into explicit knowledge could play important role for creating new knowledge. Wiig (1993) KM is capable of transforming, organizing, deploying and using knowledge assets effectively to make the firms act as intelligently and realize the best value of its knowledge resources. The definition mainly focuses on the goal of organization to maximize the enterprises knowledge effectively by using the effective knowledge process. Demarest (1997) KM is a set of process and system (technical or human) that help creating value for organizations by shared, distributed and maintained the knowledge. Both information technology and organizational activities are used to manage knowledge asset for performance improveme nt and value creation at various point within the firms. Davenport (1998) KM is an essential part of business activities for specific purposes to improve the performance of organization and also considered as technology for creating competitive advantages. The author considers the business activities including using technique for capturing, storing and disseminating the knowledge assets of organization to get organization performance. KPMG Management Consulting (1998) KM is a systematic and organized attempt to store and apply knowledge in an organization to improve its performance. The definition emphasizes an effective approach of knowledge that can provide knowledge repository and application to achieve business performance. Alavi and Leidner (1999) KM refers to specific methodologies to disseminate both implicit and explicit knowledge of employees to others in order to improve effectiveness and productivity in their firms. Clearly, a series of knowl edge process such as creation, storage, retrieval, transfer, and application are defined to help organization transmit knowledge from one person to others. Rowley (1999) KM relates to organizational activities that help organization create the knowledge repositories, improve the knowledge acquisition, enhance the knowledge environment, and manage the knowledge assets for the purpose of adding value and benefiting all stakeholders. The author promotes an integrated and collaborative approach to manage the organizations knowledge assets in order to recognize the value of knowledge and return benefits to all involved people in organization. Gupta, et al. (2000) KM is a series of process to manage information and expertise within a company to support and improve its business performance. The definition highlights all processes required for KM. In addition, organizations have paid attention to developing of KM that can provide the basis for future sustainability and com petence. Earl (2001) KM is considered to be product and process innovation and achievement to be better decision-making and organizational adaptation and renewal. The author believes that KM has emerged as a potential power for effective decision making where supports the core tasks of business management. Holm (2001) KM can clearly act for firms which provide information that is more consistent, accurate and timely including fast and easier access in ways that will improve the performance and concrete benefits of the companies and its partners. This di ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ering emerging points of view is in ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡uenced by the right way to incorporate among information, time and people. It aims to improve the organizations processes, perceptions and profits Hameed (2004) KM is the way to manage information for finding, selecting, organizing, disseminating, and applying information in a ways that improve an employees effectiveness in their works. The author promotes the development of processes to manage the organizations know-how. This KM will help employees to improve their performance and make more intelligent decisions in their works. Gartner Group (2005) KM is an integrated method to identifying, developing, managing, maintaining and sharing of all of an organizations information assets including experience individual worker, policies procedures and database documents. KM has involved an integrated and collaborative method in the process of knowledge that resides within organizations and within the minds of knowledge workers. The definitions as mentioned above, they have been a consensus point of view within three different aspects. In the first one, authors illustrate in multi-functions of method, process, system or some kinds of activities including finding, identifying, creating, selecting, organizing, sharing, disseminating, maintaining, or applying to manage knowledge. Further to the second , both tacit and explicit knowledge mentioned in definitions are not limited only individual and group inside organizations but external knowledge such as customers, suppliers and competitors also have cited in their definitions. As regards the last aspect, most of definitions have been attempt to present the goal of organization or business in the way of organizational performance, return of investment, competitive advantage and effectiveness in works. There is no universal definition of knowledge management. It is very important to agree on one definition. In this survey paper, we put very simply, knowledge management is a collection of activities regarding business, cultural and technological approaches, which enable organizations to apply knowledge assets to improve innovation, performance optimization and competitive advantage. This definition is simple and precise. It implies that KM is more than a system or a tool to help organization interact with personal knowledge and corp orate knowledge either inside or outside organizations in order to gain benefits through employees and organizations performance. The role of Knowledge Management in Business Intelligence In this section, we have introduced the benefits of knowledge management in the views of business intelligence. Successful organizations are basically required making better decisions to achieve in competitive advantage and hence business performance. Enterprises have been searching for solutions in a great effort to manage information. In fact, business intelligence (BI) seems as an umbrella term for the applications, infrastructure, platforms, tools and best practices that gather and analyze data to improve decision-making [18]. Likewise, KM uses knowledge to improve decision-making [15]. There have been some relationships between BI and KM. Both of them are considered as important in achieving firms strategic goals and have become a top priority concern among business and organizations in the coming years [11]. Many researchers argue that KM is helping hand of BI and sharing the intelligence among employees about how effectively to perform the variety of functions requires makin g the organization go [8, 12, 15, 16]. Moreover, KM techniques can enhance BI. As organizations continue to develop their enterprise-wide BI strategies, KM should be an integral part of their plans. In this systematic survey, the benefits of KM that has impacted on BI can be categorized into four perspectives including technologies, processes, people/teamwork and organizations/cultures. Those advantages are summarized in Table 2, 3, 4 and 5. Table 2 KM benefits in Technologies Perspective Technologies Perspective Benefits Description References Knowledge discovery technologies Knowledge discovery focuses on a potential process of seeking useful patterns in a large and complex database. Knowledge discovery process can help business intelligence to analyse historical data of business process and improve future decision making. Moreover, business intelligence gains benefits from knowledge discovery technologies which allow the organizations finding new knowledge that is either internal or external to firms. [22], Chung, Cody, Gold, Intelligent text analysis Intelligent text analysis referred to text data mining which is a process of extracting meaningful information from unstructured text such as documents, dialogue, web page and email. Text mining seems to be a powerful tool to expand a valuable component into existing business intelligence system. Herschel, Gao, GuptaV Searchable knowledge The strongest component of any knowledge management system is search and retrieval capabilities. With structured s earches, KM can easily determine related data requirements. As a result, BI application can aid an enterprise to increase its business agility, decrease operating costs, and improve its customer loyalty and acquisition. Herschel, Atre, Effective creating reports and capturing information accuracy The best BI application will be worthless if driven by dirty data and created inaccuracies in reports. By providing KM create reports with clean data, BI will serve the business most effectively. Table 3 KM benefits in Processes Perspective Processes Perspective Benefits Description References New Knowledge Creation Knowledge creation involves the interplay of tacit and explicit knowledge which flows within the firms through individual, group and organization levels. Business intelligence applying knowledge creation method can create better condition for innovative work to the development new products and fast services especially making better decision. Herscher, Bolloju Knowledge Transfer Knowledge transfer seems as the process of moving knowledge from one part to other/all parts of the organizations in order to capture, organize or distribute intellectual capital, finally leading to an easy and rapid process of BI in terms of analysis, reporting and visualization. [2],[4], [14],[16], [23],[24], [29] Knowledge Storage and Retrieval The storage and retrieval of organization knowledge refer to organizational memory such as learning histories, best practices, records of experiences, documented organizational procedures and processes. It is also a poten tial aspect to be used in a modified format within BIs data warehouse. Table 4 KM benefits in People/Teamwork Perspective People/Teamwork Perspective Benefits Description References Cross-organizational collaboration KM support teams which can work across multiple organizations. Moreover, KM provides a collaborative environment for internal and external participants to work together. To succeed at BI, a cross-organizational collaborative culture is an important role. [3],[5],[6], [8],[28] Knowledge sharing Leveraging tacit knowledge and providing knowledge worker Ability of employees to make better decisions To make better decisions on BI projects, it is more likely to have both tacit and explicit knowledge. KM will help people capture and share the knowledge which is not only hidden in peoples brain but also shown in reports or structure data. Teams strengthen relationships and communication Many BI projects were failed because of lack of communication and good relationship between developers and users. KM is able to help teams strength relationship throughout the relationship-building process. Table 5 KM benefits in Organizations/C ultures Perspective Organizations/Cultures Perspective Benefits Description References Improving effectiveness and efficiency of an organization Improving organization agility KM is essential to organizations because it deals directly with the creation and transfer of company information. It provides BI with understanding of business context and evaluation of results to improve the effectiveness and efficiency organization. [3],[21], [23],[25], [31],[32] Promoting organization learning / Knowledge-sharing Culture does play a critical role in organizational activities. KM tends to knowledge sharing and pursues the creation of new knowledge. Putting knowledge sharing and fostering a culture of continuous learning will engage workers relationship to enable successful BI.

Impressionism vs. Cubism Essay - 1002 Words

Impressionism vs. Cubism Art, according to Websters Dictionary, is a human skill of expression of other objects by painting, drawing, and sculpture. People have used art as a form of expression for a long time. From the Mesopotamian era to the Classical Greeks and the present. Art is expressed in many different ways and styles, and is rapidly changing, one style replacing another. Impressionism and Cubism broke away from the traditional style of painting. They were both looking for a new way to express everyday life. Time is an important tool that is used in Cubism as well as Impressionism. This element is expressed in Claude Monets Sunrise and Pablo Picassos Man with a Violin in different ways. Impressionists works†¦show more content†¦It is composed of geometrical shapes, abstraction and time. There are no specific colors or objects used. Cubists were looking for a different way to express human form as well as art in general. They provided what we could almost call a Gods-eye view of reality: every aspect of the whole subject, seen simultaneously in a single dimension. According to Fiero, the Cubist image, conceived as if one were moving around, above, and below the subject and even perceiving it from within, appropriated the fourth dimension-time itself. In a sense, Cubism is four-dimensional: depth, height, breath, and time, but seen all at once. It displays different viewpoints from different aspects. The object is taken and looked at in many perspectives and is represented that way on the canvas. Monets painting Sunrise displays vivid color, which is commonly used among impressionists. The painting is of the sun rising over the lake, over looking the bay and the boats within. Sunrise is a patently a seascape; but the painting says more about how one sees than about what one sees. It transcribes the fleeting effects of light and the changing atmosphere of water and air into a tissue of small dots and streaks of color-the elements of pure perception (Fi ero 114). This painting is typical of its style because it captures light at that moment. The sun is rising and its color is projected to everything in its path. Monet seems to capture thisShow MoreRelatedImpressionism vs Post - impressionism1880 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Impressionism vs Post Impressionism Modern culture is believed to be the brainchild of two versions of the Protestant worldview: the northern French positivism and irrationalism. If the first is trying to discern the signs of the afterlife in the image of reality (which is actually a reflection of the culture established meanings)Read MoreMovements in Art Report Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pagesattacked the purity of the German people. Hitler understood that art was going to play a large role in building his ideal nation, as culture is a major cornerstone in any lasting society. That being said, modern movements, such as Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, and Dadaism, made up most of the Degenerate Art exhibit because it was a perceived as a threat to German morality. In addition to artistic movements, iconic figures, such as Christ, are found in Degenerate Art. ResearchRead Moreap euro4567 Words   |  19 Pagessocialist parties and labor unions of their own to help the workers 14. Camille Pissarro should be associated with the founding of Impressionism. his works are visibly portrayed in the work of Claude Monet. 15. Which of the following art movements was NOT prominent in the 3 decades prior to WWI? WERE: naturalism, symbolism, impressionism, post-impressionism, cubism, abstract painting 16. Modernism in music included all of the following elements EXCEPT Did Include: Lyrical melodies found in folk

Julian free essay sample

As I stood awkwardly at the podium, nervously twirling the silver band on my thumb, I could feel the telltale signs of panic: shortness of breath, fluttering of the heart, flushed cheeks. I let out an involuntary gasp for air, and as it hung in the tense silence of the room, two potential avenues of escape crossed my mind: one which would involve jumping out a window, the other a test of my hand at feigning an illness. Realistically, I knew that I had to follow through with the audition, and I had my brother to blame for it. Julian is a fifteen year old, Haight Ashbury, hippie incarnate, unique in everything from his dinner table rants to his neon colored style. Where he is bold and loud, I am shy and reserved. I am not one to seek the limelight and, while I won’t deny my predilection for clothing, I’m not one to make a standout fashion statement, or to argue a point in class, or to sing aloud. We will write a custom essay sample on Julian or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Julian on the other hand will stand up in history to defend the policies of Andrew Jackson. He’ll cite Kerouac and Ginsberg, quote Holden Caulfield, spew out some Nietzschean philosophy from time to time. Externally, it would appear as though Julian and I are oil and water, opposite ends of a spectrum, but internally I have found that we are actually quite similar. Julian embodies many of the values that I identify with: only he is outspoken in pursuing them, while I am more hesitant. For Julian, there are no limits because he chooses not to acknowledge them, and it is his absence of limitations, his bravery, that made me believe I could be courageous as well. Standing there at the podium, it was more likely that I would either break down in tears, hurl, or choke, instead of being able to sing for my acapella tryout. I cursed Julian for talking me into it and imagined myself back at home, sprawled out on the couch watching Seinfeld, with a Cup O noodles in one hand and a blac k coffee in the other. I was singing ‘Santa Baby’ for my audition, a provocative song choice which I was quickly starting to regret. My only consolation came in the form of the very words that had prompted me to tryout: â€Å"Prove to yourself, not others, what you can be.† Over and over again it played in my head, the voice of my brother, calming me, telling me that I had nothing to fear, that nothing could stop me except my own perceptions of myself. Mrs. Carol, the chorus instructor, gave me ‘the nod’, the cue prompting me to sing. I stood there dumbly for a few seconds, looking right back at the amused judges. I had conveniently forgotten the first line. The momentary numbness turned to shock, and Mrs. Carol, correctly interpreting the bug-eyed expression on my face, fed me the words â€Å"Santa baby, slip a sable under the tree,† in a sympathetic ‘sing song’ voice. Despite my shaky start, as I began to sing, I found that no l onger was I feeling timid and fearful, but that being in the limelight, if only for a minute, was actually fun. I felt a measure of pride in myself, not for performing perfectly, but for mustering the courage to perform in the first place. Now in the whole scheme of things, my acapella tryout may not appear to be a huge deal. For me though, it was a step, a small but distinct step, towards having the courage to live my life in the absence of my perceived limits, a step towards becoming that person who dares to take a stand in class, who does wear bright colors, wanting, demanding to be noticed. Julian has shown me that you can never live in fear of judgment, rejection, or failure. So, â€Å"if you care about something, you have to protect it . If you’re lucky enough to find a way of life you love, you have to find the courage to live it,† (A Prayer for Owen Meany). Julian has helped me find my courage. He has made me a better person, and for that my admiration for him is as limitless as he is.

Mothers love free essay sample

No language can express the power and beauty and heroism of a mothers love. Who we are today. and who well be tomorrow will be formed not by ourselves, as we would like to think, but by the people around us, namely our friends and family. Possibly the biggest influence is our mother. As a child, she taught us everything from feeding and clothing our self; Judging situations and reacting; tying our shoes; being polite and being respectful to adults. Without my mother, I know I would be lost. To me, my mother is my security blanket. No matter how bad of a day she had, he will always be there with a shoulder to cry on and a sympathetic ear for me. Even If shes been screamed at all day by my siblings, she will still be eager to hear me squeal over my drama-filled teenage gossip. We will write a custom essay sample on Mothers love or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My mother could probably run a gossip column in the weekly paper on all the gossip and trivial news she hears from me and my friends, whether it be about me, my friends, or that cute boy in my fourth-period class who smiled at me. My mom is my personal miracle. Whenever something becomes too much for me, she Is there calming me down with Just a hug, or revenung me from hyperventilating by flndlng my snowboard in the open ln the first place I checked twice. She puts up with my mood swings, my constant chatter, and my continuous requests, and still manages to run a household beautifully. And she does this all with a smile†even when no one says thank you. Mothers Day Is not a day where every woman who has given birth should be treated special. It Is a day where every mother figure†nanny, caretaker, nurturer, grandmother, aunt, or even older cousin are recognized for the wonderful job they do in influencing us to ecome who we are today. Mothers teach us how to love, cherish, and respect who we are, and what It takes for us to become the adults we will one day be. My mother is a wonderful influence, and I can truly think of only one fault that she, and every other mother out there has: She loves me too much. She loves me so much that I sometimes resent her for not letting me make my own stupid decisions. Im afraid that one day I will end up screaming at her to leave me alone. I know almost every teenage boy does. And I know almost every teenage boy will feel guilty afterwards, ut not know how to apologize. Well, take this chance to let your mom know that you truly are grateful for her wanting to be in your life, even if you dont always show it. This Mothers Day, do something special for your mom, even If its as small as making her breakfast in bed or cleaning your room without being asked. The gesture will be appreciated, and it will show your mom that no matter how obnoxious you can be, you will always love your Mommy and all she does for you. When you knew how to speak, what was your first word? It Is Mom. We have grown up in the arms of our mothers. e have grown up In the great love of our mothers. No one loves us Ilke our mothers; no one is willing to sacrifice everything for us like our mothers. If someone asks you Who is the best woman in your life? I bet you will say it is your mother. And If someone asks me Ilke that, my answer also Is my mother. With me, my mother Is the best woman in the world. No one can replace her In my heart. I admire my mother, I dont know why she is always busy with daily chores, taking care of my family but she never say she is tired. Every day, she is the first person in my family, I OF3 oes to work, I and my siblings go to school, my mother stays home and does all the daily chores after that she does take care of home business. When my father, I and my siblings come home, there is always a delicious dinner, which is waiting for us. After the dinner, my mom washes the dishes. Sometimes, I ask her to help, but she says: It is fine; you should go upstairs and do your homework. Mom always wake up very early, and Mom is the last person can take a break after a busy day. I realize that without my Mom, my father, I and my siblings cannot have the clean house, the elicious meal and the clothes which always iron straight. Mom gives me and my father all her love. She loves us more than herself. Her love for us is great like the ocean, the universe and nothing can replace it. She is not only my mom; she is also my friends, my big sister, who I can share all my problems and stories in life with. When I am sad, happy or stressful, Mom is always by my side and comforts me. Sometimes, I get angry with my mom because she reminds me too much things, especially they are all things I know. Then, I realize that she Just wants me- her son to e good. Making my mother cry is the worst thing, but I did. Im a boy, and playing games is the most favorite things to do of boys. I played games every day. Anytime, when I had free time, I played games, when I came home from school, I played games. I played until midnight; I played until I was tired and slept on my desk. My mother knew it and she always told me to stop playing and focus on studying. I said yes to make her feel please and then I continued to play. When you play games, you just focus on that, you forget to study, that were what happened to me. My mother idnt know anything until my school had a parents conference. She was shocked when she saw my report. My grade was going down. She asked me why my grade went down, I was quiet and looked at her. It seemed like my mother knew the reason why. She was quiet, stared at me and sigh. Suddenly, I saw tears from her eyes, she cried. She told me many times that I should not play games too much, I needed to focus on studying, but I ignore her advice. When she cried, I felt so sorry and guilty. I wasnt brave enough to look at her. Then I came to her slowly, hugged her and said: l was sorry, mom. I knew that I had made a big mistake. I felt so sorry. Mom, please forgive me. I promised that I wouldnt do this again. I was so sorry. I made you cry. And she hugged me tight, she whispered: How couldnt I forgive you? I was Just a little disappointed, but I knew, you would know how to fix your mistake, I love you. I cried after she said that, Just a bit, but I did cry. Mom, you gave me everything but you never ask me to pay back. You are the best, the greatest woman in this world and in my heart. I love you forever. I am happy when I have you by my side to take care of e, to protect me and to give me your love. I am happy when I am your son. I told my mom that In the future. I would be a successful man in life and I can take care of myself and unlucky people. But in my mothers eyes, I know that I am always her little son as I was. But God took her away from me; I dont know why did God do that way? Perhaps theres someone who will do my moms things for me! , I cant stop my tears rolling down on my face when I am thinking about my mom, where are you now mom? , I know that theres nowhere else except Heaven where my mom will be and be aiting for me coming over!. My promises to my mom are to take care myself, do care and always love my wife to-be (Ms. Hoang Anh) and live with full of responsibilities for my children, taking care of my future children is my moms wish and always live with meaningful life to them . 1 wont be away because Im a son of the greatest mom in the world so I want everybody to know that my moms son will be perfect reflection of my mom. Before you were conceived I wanted you, Before you were born I loved you, Before you were here an hour I would die for you, This is the miracle of Mothers Love.